What process is used to create precise and complex shapes in conductive materials?

The process used to create precise and complex shapes in conductive materials is laser cutting. This method uses a focused beam of light to melt or vaporize material, allowing for highly detailed cuts with exceptional accuracy. Laser cutting is particularly advantageous because it can produce intricate designs and tight tolerances that are often required in metal fabrication.

While plasma cutting is also capable of cutting conductive materials, it generally does not achieve the same level of precision and detail as laser cutting. Welding is primarily used to join materials rather than cut them, and grinding is typically a finishing process used to smooth surfaces rather than create shapes. Hence, laser cutting stands out as the optimal choice for tasks that demand precision and complexity.