What can improper cooling in welded metals lead to?

Improper cooling in welded metals can lead to warping and cracking due to the stresses that develop as the metal transitions from a high-temperature state to room temperature. During the welding process, metal is heated significantly, and if it cools too quickly or unevenly, it can create differential contraction. This differential contraction causes internal stresses, which can result in distortions such as warping and even cracks forming in the weld or adjacent areas.

Additionally, improper cooling can affect the metallurgical structure of the material, further contributing to its susceptibility to these types of defects. The grains in the metal may not form properly if cooling happens too rapidly, leading to brittle regions that are more prone to cracking. Thus, ensuring controlled and appropriate cooling rates is essential in welding to maintain the integrity and performance of the welded structure.